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KMID : 0383619950160000047
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Bulletin of Environmental Sciences
1995 Volume.16 No. 0 p.47 ~ p.58
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Impact Analysis of US 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments on Mobile Source Emissions in Chicago
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Abstract
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In order to comply with the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990, almost all major metropolitan areas in United States will have to alter their transportation strategies. One of the key objectives of the new Act is to reduce total vehicle miles travelled and emissions.
The implications of the new Act for the ozone non-attainment metropolitan areas are enormous. Specifically, the requirement of shifting transportation priorities toward less polluting alternatives presents significant opportunities to enhance the transit operations. Transit operators can gain important new allies for improved pubic transportation by taking an active role in the planning process, specifically by advancing traffic-reducing alternatives and presenting ways to accomodate the growing number of passengers.
In an attempt to assess immediate impacts of the 1990 CAAA, this paper introduces appropriate methods for estimating quick, yet accurate assessments of the amount of trips diverted from automobiles to transit based on alternative transportation control measures (TCMs). Using the Chicago non-attainment area as a case study, the paper describes in detail the development and the use of a transferable and operationally feasible method for estimating new demand for transportation services caused by the 1990 CAAA mandates. Short-term impacts of alternative TCMs on travel choice patterns in the area are assessed and TCMs are evaluated in terms of the magnitude of emission reductions.
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